Igikoresho gikonjesha cya thermoelectric, thermoelectric cooler (kizwi kandi nka thermoelectric cooling components) ni ibikoresho bikonjesha bya solid-state bishingiye ku ngaruka za Peltier. Bifite ibyiza byo kutagira uburyo bwo kugenda, kutagira firigo, kuba bito, gusubiza vuba, no kugenzura ubushyuhe neza. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoreshwa ryabyo mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ubuvuzi, imodoka n'ibindi byakomeje kwaguka.
I. Amahame y'ingenzi y'uburyo bwo gukonjesha amashanyarazi n'ibice byayo
Ishingiro ry'ubukonje bw'amashanyarazi ni ingaruka ya Peltier: iyo ibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye bya semiconductor (ubwoko bwa P na N) biremye thermocouple pair hanyuma hagakoreshwa amashanyarazi ataziguye, impera imwe ya thermocouple pair izafata ubushyuhe (iherezo ryo gukonjesha), naho indi impera ikarekura ubushyuhe (iherezo ryo gukonjesha ubushyuhe). Mu guhindura icyerekezo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, impera yo gukonjesha n'iherezo ryo gukonjesha ubushyuhe birashobora guhindurwa.
Imikorere yayo yo gukonjesha ishingiye ahanini ku bipimo bitatu by'ingenzi:
Igipimo cy'agaciro k'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu bushyuhe (agaciro ka ZT): Ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gusuzuma imikorere y'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu bushyuhe. Uko agaciro ka ZT kaba kari hejuru, niko imikorere yo gukonjesha iba myinshi.
Itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'impande zishyushye n'izikonje: Ingaruka zo gushonga k'ubushyuhe ku mpera zigaragaza neza ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha ku mpera zikonjesha. Iyo gushonga k'ubushyuhe kutari koroshye, itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'impande zishyushye n'izikonje rizagabanuka, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha buzagabanuka cyane.
Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ukora: Mu rwego rw'ibiciro, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi byongera ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha. Ariko, iyo umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi urenze, imikorere izagabanuka bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwa Joule.
II Amateka y'iterambere n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu bikoresho bikonjesha amashanyarazi (sisteme ikora neza)
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, iterambere ry’ibice bikonjesha amashanyarazi ryibanze ku byerekezo bibiri by’ingenzi: guhanga udushya mu bikoresho no kunoza imiterere y’ibikoresho.
Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoresha amashanyarazi akomeye
Agaciro ka ZT k'ibikoresho gakondo bishingiye kuri Bi₂Te₃ kongerewe kagera kuri 1.2-1.5 binyuze mu gukoresha doping (nk'iya Sb, Se) no kuvura nanoscale.
Ibikoresho bishya nka telluride y'icyitegererezo (PbTe) na silicon-germanium alloy (SiGe) bikora neza cyane mu bihe by'ubushyuhe buri hagati n'ubushyuhe buri hejuru (200 kugeza 500℃).
Ibikoresho bishya nk'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bivanze n'ibikomoka ku bidukikije ndetse n'ibikoresho bikingira imiterere y'ubutaka byitezweho kugabanya ibiciro no kunoza imikorere.
Kunoza imiterere y'ibice
Igishushanyo mbonera cya Miniaturization: Gutegura thermopiles zo mu rwego rwa micron binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa bya miniaturization by'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi.
Guhuza modular: Huza ibice byinshi by'amashanyarazi mu buryo bukurikiranye cyangwa bungana kugira ngo hakorwe modules zo gukonjesha za thermoelectric zifite imbaraga nyinshi, ibyuma bikonjesha bya peltier, ibikoresho bya peltier, byujuje ibisabwa mu bukonjesha bwa thermoelectric mu rwego rw'inganda.
Imiterere y’ubushyuhe ihuriweho: Huza amababa yo gukonjesha n’amababa yo gukonjesha ubushyuhe n’imiyoboro y’ubushyuhe kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha ubushyuhe kandi ugabanye ingano muri rusange.
III Ikoreshwa risanzwe ry'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha amashanyarazi
Akamaro gakomeye k'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha amashanyarazi ari mu miterere yabyo ikomeye, imikorere yabyo itagira urusaku, no kugenzura ubushyuhe neza. Kubwibyo, bigira umwanya udashobora gusimburwa mu bihe aho compressors zidakwiye gukonjesha.
Mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi
Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe kuri telefoni zigendanwa: Telefoni zigezweho zo gukina imikino zifite modules za micro thermoelectric cooling, modules za TEC, ibikoresho bya peltier, modules za peltier, hamwe na sisitemu zo gukonjesha amazi, zishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa chip vuba, bikarinda kugabanuka kwa frequency bitewe no gushyuha cyane mu gihe cyo gukina imikino.
Frigo z'imodoka, Frigo zikonjesha imodoka: Frigo nto zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ubushyuhe bukabije, rihuza imikorere yo gukonjesha no gushyushya (gushyushya bishobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe guhindura icyerekezo cy'ubushyuhe). Ni ntoya mu bunini, zikoresha ingufu nke, kandi zijyanye n'amashanyarazi ya 12V y'imodoka.
Igikombe gikonjesha ibinyobwa/igikombe gikonjesha: Igikombe gikonjesha gitwarwa kirimo isahani ntoya yo gukonjesha, ishobora gukonjesha ibinyobwa vuba kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 5 kugeza kuri 15 idakoresheje firigo.
2. Inzego z'ubuvuzi n'iz'ibinyabuzima
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubushyuhe neza: nk'ibikoresho bya PCR (ibikoresho bya polymerase chain reaction) na firigo z'amaraso, bisaba ahantu hadahinduka mu bushyuhe. Ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bya semiconductor bishobora kugenzura ubushyuhe neza muri ± 0.1℃, kandi nta ngaruka zo kwanduza ibyuma bikonjesha.
Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bitwarwa: nk'udusanduku dukonjesha twa insuline, duto kandi dufite igihe kirekire cyo gukoresha batiri, birakwiriye abarwayi ba diyabete gutwara iyo bagiye gusohoka, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwa insuline burinda.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bya laser: Ibice by'ingenzi by'ibikoresho byo kuvura laser mu buvuzi (nk'ibyuma bya laser) bihangana n'ubushyuhe, kandi ibice byo gukonjesha bya semiconductor bishobora gusohora ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo ibikoresho bikomeze gukora neza.
3. Ibigo by'inganda n'iby'indege
Ibikoresho bito byo gukonjesha mu nganda: nk'ibyumba byo gupimiramo ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bisaza n'ubwiherero buhoraho bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, bisaba ahantu hashyuha haciriritse, ibikoresho bikonjesha ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho bishyuha bishobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe ingufu zo gukonjesha uko bikenewe.
Ibikoresho byo mu kirere: Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mu byogajuru bifite ingorane zo gusohora ubushyuhe mu kirere gifunze. Sisitemu zo gukonjesha zikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bikoresha amashanyarazi, ibice by'amashanyarazi, nk'ibikoresho bikomeye, byizewe cyane kandi ntibinyeganyega, kandi bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mu byuma bya satelite na sitasiyo zo mu kirere.
4. Ibindi bintu bishya bivuka
Ibikoresho byo kwambara: Ingofero zo gukonjesha n'amakoti yo gukonjesha, hamwe n'amasahani yo gukonjesha yoroshye yubatswemo, bishobora gukonjesha umubiri w'umuntu ahantu hashyushye cyane kandi bikwiranye n'abakozi bo hanze.
Uburyo bwo gupakira imiyoboro ikonje: Udusanduku duto two gupakira imiyoboro ikonje, dukoresha ubukonje bukoresha amashanyarazi, ubukonje bukabije na batiri, dushobora gukoreshwa mu gutwara inkingo n'imbuto nshya mu ntera ngufi hatitawe ku makamyo manini yo muri firigo.
IV. Inzitizi n'Iterambere ry'Ibintu Bikonjesha Ibikoresho by'Ubushyuhe n'Ubukonjesha bya Peltier
Inzitizi zihari
Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha buri hasi cyane: Igipimo cyayo cyo gukoresha ingufu (COP) ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya 0.3 na 0.8, kikaba kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'igihe cyo gukonjesha compressor (COP ishobora kugera kuri 2 kugeza kuri 5), kandi ntikibereye ahantu hanini kandi hakonjesha cyane.
Ibisabwa mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwinshi: Niba ubushyuhe ku mpera yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe budashobora gusohoka ku gihe, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka zo gukonjesha. Kubwibyo, bugomba kuba bufite sisitemu nziza yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, igabanya ikoreshwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bito.
Igiciro kiri hejuru: Igiciro cyo gutegura ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoresha amashanyarazi menshi (nk'ibikomoka kuri Bi₂Te₃) kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bikonjesha, bigatuma igiciro cy'ibikoresho bigezweho kizamuka cyane.
2. Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza
Iterambere ry'ibikoresho: Guteza imbere ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bihendutse kandi bifite agaciro ka ZT, hagamijwe kongera agaciro ka ZT mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba kikagera kuri 2.0 no kugabanya icyuho mu mikorere hakoreshejwe ibyuma bikonjesha.
Guhuza no koroshya: Gutegura module zo gukonjesha zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya thermoelectric, module za TEC, module za thermoelectric, module za peltier, module za peltier, cooler za peltier, kugira ngo zihuze n'ibikoresho byo hejuru bifite ubuso bugororotse (nk'amatelefone agendanwa yoroshye n'ibikoresho byambarwa neza); Guteza imbere guhuza ibice byo gukonjesha bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya thermoelectric hamwe na chips na sensors kugira ngo hagerwe ku "kugenzura ubushyuhe mu rwego rwa chips".
Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuzigama ingufu: Binyuze mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya Internet of Things (iot), uburyo bwo gutangira no kugenzura ingufu z'ibikoresho bikonjesha biragerwaho, bigagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu muri rusange.
V. Incamake
Ibikoresho bikonjesha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bikonjesha amashanyarazi bya peltier, ibikoresho bikonjesha amashanyarazi bya thermoelectric, bifite ibyiza byihariye byo kuba bihamye, bidatuza kandi bigenzurwa neza n'ubushyuhe, bifite umwanya ukomeye mu nzego nk'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ubuvuzi n'iby'ikirere. Hamwe no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho bikonjesha amashanyarazi n'imiterere y'inyubako, ibibazo by'imikorere myiza y'ubukonje n'ikiguzi bizagenda birushaho kuba byiza, kandi byitezwe ko bizasimbura ikoranabuhanga risanzwe rikonjesha mu bihe byihariye mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 12-2025
