Gukonjesha Peltier (ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha amashanyarazi rishingiye ku ngaruka za Peltier) byabaye imwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rya sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bya PCR (polymerase chain reaction) bitewe n'uburyo ikora vuba, kugenzura ubushyuhe neza, n'ingano nto, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere, ubuziranenge, n'ikoreshwa rya PCR. Ibi bikurikira ni isesengura rirambuye ry'ikoreshwa ryihariye n'ibyiza byo gukonjesha amashanyarazi (peltier cooling) uhereye ku bisabwa by'ingenzi bya PCR:
I. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu kugenzura ubushyuhe mu ikoranabuhanga rya PCR
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwa PCR ni ugusubiramo kwa denaturation (90-95℃), annealing (50-60℃), no kwagura (72℃), ibi bikaba bifite ibisabwa bikomeye cyane kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe.
Ubushyuhe buzamuka cyane kandi bukagabanuka: Kugabanya igihe cy'uruziga rumwe (urugero, bifata amasegonda make gusa kugira ngo buve kuri dogere 95°C bugere kuri dogere 55°C), kandi wongere ubushobozi bwo gukora ikizamini;
Kugenzura ubushyuhe neza cyane: Guhinduka kwa ± 0.5℃ mu bushyuhe bwo gufunga bishobora gutuma habaho kwiyongera kudasanzwe, kandi bigomba kugenzurwa muri ± 0.1℃.
Ubushyuhe bungana: Iyo ingero nyinshi zikora icyarimwe, itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'ibipimo by'icyitegererezo rigomba kuba ≤0.5℃ kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibisubizo bihinduka.
Guhindura uburyo bwo gukora imashini ntoya: PCR igendanwa (nk'isuzuma rya POCT) igomba kuba nto kandi idafite ibice byangiritse.
II. Imikoreshereze y'ingenzi y'ubukonje bw'amashanyarazi muri PCR
Module ya thermoelectric Cooler TEC, Thermoelectric cooling module, peltier module igera ku "guhinduranya ubushyuhe n'ubukonje mu buryo bw'icyerekezo kibiri" binyuze mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi utaziguye, ihuye neza n'ibisabwa mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa PCR. Imikoreshereze yayo yihariye igaragarira muri ibi bikurikira:
1. Kuzamuka no kugabanuka byihuse k'ubushyuhe: Kugabanya igihe cyo gusubiza ibintu
Ihame: Mu guhindura icyerekezo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, module ya TEC, module ya thermoelectric, igikoresho cya peltier gishobora guhinduranya vuba hagati y'uburyo bwo "gushyushya" (iyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uri imbere, impera y'umuyoboro wa TEC, module ya peltier iba impera y'umuyoboro urekura ubushyuhe) na "gukonjesha" (iyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uri inyuma, impera y'umuyoboro urekura ubushyuhe iba impera y'umuyoboro urekura ubushyuhe), aho igihe cyo gusubiza gikunze kuba munsi y'isegonda 1.
Ibyiza: Uburyo gakondo bwo gukonjesha (nk'abafana na compressor) bushingiye ku gushyushya ubushyuhe cyangwa kugenda kwa mashini, kandi igipimo cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha akenshi kiba kiri munsi ya 2℃/s. Iyo TEC ihujwe n'ibyuma bishyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi (nk'umuringa na aluminiyumu), ishobora kugera ku gipimo cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha cya 5-10℃/s, bikagabanya igihe cyo gushyushya PCR imwe kuva ku minota 30 kugeza ku minota 10 (nk'uko bigenda mu bikoresho bya PCR byihuse).
2. Kugenzura ubushyuhe neza cyane: Kwemeza ko ubushobozi bwo kongera imbaraga bungana
Ihame: Ingufu zisohoka (ubushyuhe/ubukonje) za module ya TEC, module yo gukonjesha ya thermoelectric, module ya thermoelectric zifitanye isano iri hagati y’ubushyuhe n’ubukonje bw’amashanyarazi. Hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ubushyuhe bifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru (nk’ubudahangarwa bwa platine, thermocouple) na sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwiyongere bwa PID, umuriro ushobora guhindurwa mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo ugenzurwe neza ubushyuhe.
Ibyiza: Ubuziranenge bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bushobora kugera kuri ± 0.1℃, ari hejuru cyane y’ubwogero busanzwe bw’amazi cyangwa ubukonje bwa compressor (± 0.5℃). Urugero, niba ubushyuhe bw’ingenzi mu gihe cyo gushyushya ari 58℃, module ya TEC, module ya thermoelectric, cooler ya peltier, element ya peltier ishobora kubungabunga ubu bushyuhe neza, yirinda gufatana kwa primers ku buryo budasanzwe bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe no kongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kongera imbaraga.
3. Igishushanyo mbonera gito: Guteza imbere iterambere rya PCR igendanwa
Ihame: Ingano ya module ya TEC, element ya peltier, igikoresho cya peltier ni santimetero kare nke gusa (urugero, module ya TEC ya 10 × 10mm, module yo gukonjesha ya thermoelectric, module ya peltier ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa by'icyitegererezo kimwe), nta bice byimukanwa bifite (nk'imashini ya piston ya compressor cyangwa ibyuma by'umufana), kandi ntikenera firigo.
Ibyiza: Iyo ibikoresho bisanzwe bya PCR byishingikiriza kuri compressors kugira ngo bikonjeshe, ubunini bwabyo bukunze kuba burenga Litiro 50. Ariko, ibikoresho bya PCR bitwarwa hakoreshejwe module ya thermoelectric cooling, module ya thermoelectric, module ya peltier, module ya TEC bishobora kugabanuka kugeza kuri Litiro 5 (nk'ibikoresho bifatwa mu ntoki), bigatuma biba byiza gupimirwa mu murima (nk'isuzuma ry'aho hantu mu gihe cy'icyorezo), gupimirwa hafi y'igitanda, n'ibindi.
4. Ubushyuhe bungana: Menya neza ko ingero zitandukanye zihura neza
Ihame: Mu gutegura amaseti menshi ya TEC arrays (nk'ama-TEC 96 ajyanye n'isahani y'amabati 96), cyangwa hamwe n'ibyuma bisangira ubushyuhe (ibikoresho bitwara ubushyuhe bwinshi), ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe riterwa n'itandukaniro ry'umuntu ku giti cye muri TEC rishobora guhindurwa.
Ibyiza: Itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'ibipimo bya Wells rishobora kugenzurwa muri ± 0.3℃, hirindwa itandukaniro ry'ubushobozi bwo kongera imbaraga riterwa n'ubushyuhe budahuye hagati ya Wells na Wells zo hagati, kandi hakarebwa uburyo ibisubizo by'icyitegererezo bigereranywa (nk'uko agaciro ka CT gahagaze mu buryo bwa PCR y'ikigereranyo cya fluorescence mu gihe nyacyo).
5. Kwizerwa no kubungabunga: Kugabanya ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire
Ihame: TEC nta bice byangiritse ifite, imara amasaha arenga 100.000, kandi ntisaba gusimbuza buri gihe ibyuma bikonjesha (nk'ibikomoka kuri Freon muri compressors).
Ibyiza: Igihe mpuzandengo cy'igihe igikoresho cya PCR gikonjeshejwe na kompreseri isanzwe ni hagati y'imyaka 5 na 8, mu gihe sisitemu ya TEC ishobora kongera igihe kigera ku myaka irenga 10. Byongeye kandi, kubungabunga bisaba gusa gusukura aho gushyushya ibikoresho, bigagabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga ibikoresho.
III. Imbogamizi n'Iterambere mu Gukoresha Porogaramu
Gukonjesha kwa semiconductor ntabwo ari byiza muri PCR kandi bisaba kunoza imikorere yayo:
Imbogamizi yo gusohora ubushyuhe: Iyo TEC ikonje, ubushyuhe bwinshi burarundana ku mpera yo gusohora ubushyuhe (urugero, iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse kuva kuri 95℃ kugeza kuri 55℃, itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe rigera kuri 40℃, kandi imbaraga zo gusohora ubushyuhe ziyongera cyane). Ni ngombwa kuyihuza na sisitemu yo gusohora ubushyuhe neza (nk'ibyuma bishyushya ubushyuhe by'umuringa + abafana ba turbine, cyangwa modules zo gukonjesha amazi), bitabaye ibyo bizatuma ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bugabanuka (ndetse no kwangirika gukabije).
Kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'ingufu: Mu gihe ubushyuhe bukabije butandukanye, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za TEC riba riri hejuru cyane (urugero, imbaraga za TEC z'igikoresho cya PCR gifite ibyuma 96 zishobora kugera kuri 100-200W), kandi ni ngombwa kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ridafite akamaro binyuze mu buryo bw'ubwenge (nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe buteganyijwe).
Iv. Imanza zikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika
Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bikuru bya PCR (cyane cyane ibikoresho bya PCR bipima fluorescence mu gihe nyacyo) muri rusange byakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha rya semiconductor, urugero:
Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa laboratwari: Igikoresho cya PCR gifite imiterere ya fluorescence ya 96 cy’ikirango runaka, gifite uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa TEC, gifite igipimo cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha kigera kuri 6℃/s, ubushyuhe bungana na ±0.05℃, kandi gishyigikira uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe bungana na 384-wells high-throughput.
Igikoresho gikoranwa: Igikoresho runaka cya PCR gifatwa mu ntoki (gipima munsi ya 1kg), gishingiye ku gishushanyo cya TEC, gishobora kurangiza gupima coronavirus nshya mu minota 30 kandi gikwiriye ahantu hakorerwa nk'ibibuga by'indege n'abaturage.
Incamake
Gukonjesha hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, hamwe n’inyungu eshatu z’ingenzi zo gukora vuba, gukora neza cyane no gukora buhoro buhoro, byakemuye ibibazo by’ingenzi bya ikoranabuhanga rya PCR mu bijyanye no gukora neza, umwihariko no guhuza ahantu habera, biba ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ku bikoresho bigezweho bya PCR (cyane cyane ibikoresho byihuse kandi bitwarwa), no guteza imbere PCR kuva muri laboratwari ikagera mu nzego zagutse nko ku ruhande rw’igitanda no gupima aho ikoreshwa.
TES1-15809T200 ku mashini ya PCR
Ubushyuhe bwo ku ruhande bushyushye: 30 C,
Ishusho: 9.2A,
Ubushobozi bwo hejuru: 18.6V
Qmax: 99.5 W
Ubushyuhe bwa Delta T: 67 C
ACR：1.7 ± 15% Ω （1.53 kugeza 1.87 Ohm）
Ingano: 77×16.8×2.8mm
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-13-2025
