Ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi mu nzego zigezweho riri gutera imbere cyane, bitewe n'iterambere rifatika mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho

Ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bishya by'amashanyarazi mu nzego zigezweho riri gutera imbere cyane, bitewe n'iterambere rirambye mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho. Ikigaragara ni uko guhuza uburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura ibintu no gukora ibintu mu buryo buciriritse byatumye ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha amashanyarazi riva mu mbogamizi z'imiterere isanzwe idahindagurika, bityo bifungura imipaka mishya y'ikoreshwa mu nzego nyinshi z'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho:

Porogaramu zoroshye zo gukoresha uruhu rw'ikoranabuhanga n'ubuvuzi

Kuvuka kw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bihindagurika bidashingiye ku binyabuzima—nk'ibinyabutabire bishingiye kuri bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃) na chalcogenides y'ifeza—byatsinze ubucuruzi bwari bumaze igihe kirekire hagati y'imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika kw'imashini.

Kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa Microscale Hot-Spot: Amakonjesha ya thermoelectric akoresha Bi₂Te₃ yoroshye cyane, modules za thermoelectric cooling (modules za Peltier) agabanya ubushyuhe burenga 10 °C munsi y'umuvuduko muto w'amashanyarazi winjira (urugero, 84 mA), hamwe n'igihe cyo gusubiza ubushyuhe cyihuta cyane cya μs 25. Ibi bituma habaho imicungire nyayo y'ubushyuhe ku miyoboro ihuriweho ifite imbaraga nyinshi, bityo bikanongera ubwizigirwa bwa chips no kudahungabana mu mikorere.

Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bishobora kwambarwa no gushyirwamo: Bitewe nuko bifatanye n’uturemangingo tw’ibinyabuzima—nk’uruhu rw’ikoranabuhanga—ibikoresho byoroshye byo gushyushya, ibikoresho bya peltier, (modules za thermoelectric) bigira imirimo ibiri: (i) gukusanya ingufu z’ubushyuhe kuva ku miterere y’umubiri kugeza ku bushyuhe bw’imbaraga nke cyane (urugero, ibikoresho bigenzura umuvuduko w’umutima); na (ii) gutuma habaho uburyo bwo kumenya ubushyuhe bugezweho kandi bugezweho kugira ngo hamenyekane hakiri kare ubushyuhe busanzwe, gusuzuma ibibazo by’amaraso yo mu gice cyo hagati, no kugenzura ubushyuhe mu bikoresho bishobora gushyirwamo—harimo imiyoboro y’ubwonko n’imiyoboro y’ubwonko na mudasobwa.

Ibidukikije bikabije na sisitemu y'ikirere

Iterambere ry’inganda rya semiconductors zo mu cyiciro cya gatatu za wide-bandgap—cyane cyane silicon carbide (SiC) na gallium nitride (GaN)—rikomeje kwagura imikorere y’ibikoresho bya semiconductor, modules za thermoelectric, modules za TEC (modules za peltier) mu bihe bikomeye cyane.

Gupima Ubushyuhe Bukabije no Kugenzura Ubushyuhe: Umuvuduko mwinshi w’amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe buhamye, no kwihanganira imirasire ya SiC na GaN bituma habaho imikorere ikomeye ya sisitemu zo kugenzura ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe mu bintu by’ingenzi mu butumwa—harimo n’ibikoresho byo mu kirere n’inganda zigenzura ubushyuhe bwinshi—aho gukora neza, kwizerwa no kuramba ari ingenzi cyane.

Robotike zikoresha ubwenge n'uburyo bwo kubona ibintu mu buryo bufatika

Udushya mu bikoresho turenze imicungire y'ubushyuhe ahubwo dushyigikira iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Urugero, abashakashatsi bakoze sensor ikora ikoresheje ibyuma bito cyane kandi byujuje ubuziranenge (urugero: molybdenum disulfide). Iyo ishyizwe mu bikoresho byoroshye bya robotike, iyi sensor imenya imbaraga z’umuvuduko wa sub-millipascal—zingana n’imbaraga zoroheje z’umwuka ku ruhu rw’umuntu—bityo igaha imashini ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ubw’umuntu. Guhuza uburyo bwo gukora bugezweho hamwe n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe buhindagurika bishyiraho urubuga rw’ibanze rw’ibikoresho bya robotike zigenga mu gihe kizaza.

Ubusemuzi mu nganda n'ubusugire bw'ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu

Mu gihugu imbere, imbaraga zihuriweho n'ibigo by'ubushakashatsi n'abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda ziri kwihutisha impinduka mu guhanga udushya mu bikoresho byo muri laboratwari tukajya mu bicuruzwa bifite akamaro mu bucuruzi. Urugero rugaragara ni Ikigo cya Shanghai cy'Ubucukuzi bw'Ibintu bya Ceramics, Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi ry'Abashinwa, cyatanze uburenganzira ku ruhushya rwinshi ku bikoresho bya thermoelectric bita organic bya pulasitiki—bikoroshya ikoreshwa ryabyo mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu rwego rwa chip, no gukoresha microsensor zikoresha ikoranabuhanga. Ibi bigaragaza iterambere ry'Ubushinwa mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu bikoresho bya semiconductor bigezweho, kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku miyoboro y'ibicuruzwa by'amahanga no kongera ubushobozi bw'imbere mu gihugu mu guhanga udushya mu buryo bw'ingamba.